From FIR to Final Report (A Critical Study of Fair Investigation)

Dr. Jai Prakash Kushwah, Suraj Pratap Singh Kushwah — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

2023 (BNSS), this paper critically analyzes the sequential legal and procedural journey of a criminal case, following its path from the filing of the First Information Report (FIR) to the submission of the Final Report (Charge Sheet or Closure Report). The study specifically evaluates how the procedural changes introduced by the BNSS particularly regarding preliminary inquiry, time limits for investigation, and the use of technology impact the core principle of a fair and impartial investigation. It analyzes the discretionary powers of the investigating agencies, potential systemic biases, and the effect of these factors on the rights of the accused and the victim in the new regime. Key areas of critique include the implementation challenges of new technologies, adherence to stipulated timeframes for investigation completion, and the role of enhanced judicial oversight post-BNSS. The research argues that ensuring a fair investigation remains paramount for upholding the rule of law and seeks to identify procedural and institutional reforms necessary to maximize accountability and effectiveness under the new criminal procedure framework.

Indian perspective mein divyangjanon ke adhikar aur unka kriyanvayan: Ek vishleshanatmak adhyayan

Vivek Kumar Singh — Tue, 30 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Persons with disabilities are an important part of our society. Over the decades, they have faced various forms of neglect and injustice, and their rights have often been ignored. However, in recent decades, significant changes have occurred in our country concerning persons with disabilities. Compared to the past, more importance is now being given to their rights, and efforts are being made to empower them. This change is evident in our Constitution, and at the international level, India has also taken on several responsibilities. Laws such as the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 have been enacted, which are very significant for persons with disabilities. Yet, the proper implementation of these rights remains a major challenge.
This research article analyzes the rights of persons with disabilities and their practical implementation in India. It examines the constitutional, statutory, and policy provisions made to ensure equality, dignity, and social inclusion. Additionally, it analyzes the administrative, social, and structural barriers that obstruct the effective realization of the rights of persons with disabilities. Based on the theoretical analysis of legal provisions, judicial decisions, and government reports, the article highlights key deficiencies in the implementation mechanism. Furthermore, it suggests corrective measures needed to strengthen institutional accountability and inclusive governance. This research article makes a significant contribution towards aiding the effective realization of the rights of persons with disabilities.

Legal Research Development

From FIR to Final Report (A Critical Study of Fair Investigation)

Indian perspective mein divyangjanon ke adhikar aur unka kriyanvayan: Ek vishleshanatmak adhyayan